ソースコードの取得
Pythonのソースコードは公式サイトから取得できます。
上記リンクから最新版のダウンロードページに進み、Gzipped source tarballまたはXZ compressed source tarballをダウンロードします。今回はPython 3.8.2のGzipped source tarballをダウンロードしました。
ダウンロードしたファイルを展開し、展開したディレクトリを作業ディレクトリとします。
$ tar xf Python-3.8.2.tgz
$ cd Python-3.8.2
さらに ./configure, make, make install を実行してインストールします
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
インストールする場所を指定する
--prefix で指定します。例えば $HOME/opt/pkg/python-3.8.2 にインストールするなら次のように指定します。
$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/opt/pkg/python-3.8.2
ライブラリの場所を指定する
./configure を実行するとシステムに用意されているライブラリを利用してビルドされますが、自分でライブラリの場所を指定することができます。例えば $HOME/opt/pkg/openssl-1.1.0h にインストールしたOpenSSLを利用したいときには次のようにビルドオプションを指定します
$ ./configure --with-openssl=$HOME/opt/pkg/openssl-1.1.0h
ビルドオプションの詳細を確認する
詳細なビルドオプションは ./configure --help で確認できます。
$ ./configure --help
`configure' configures python 3.8 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--runstatedir=DIR modifiable per-process data [LOCALSTATEDIR/run]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/python]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-universalsdk[=SDKDIR]
Build fat binary against Mac OS X SDK
--enable-framework[=INSTALLDIR]
Build (MacOSX|Darwin) framework
--enable-shared disable/enable building shared python library
--enable-profiling enable C-level code profiling
--enable-optimizations Enable expensive, stable optimizations (PGO, etc).
Disabled by default.
--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
support loadable extensions in _sqlite module
--enable-ipv6 Enable ipv6 (with ipv4) support
--disable-ipv6 Disable ipv6 support
--enable-big-digits[=BITS]
use big digits for Python longs [[BITS=30]]
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-universal-archs=ARCH
select architectures for universal build ("32-bit",
"64-bit", "3-way", "intel", "intel-32", "intel-64",
or "all")
--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK
specify an alternate name of the framework built
with --enable-framework
--with-cxx-main=<compiler>
compile main() and link python executable with C++
compiler
--with-suffix=.exe set executable suffix
--with-pydebug build with Py_DEBUG defined
--with-trace-refs enable tracing references for debugging purpose
--with-assertions build with C assertions enabled
--with-lto Enable Link Time Optimization in any build. Disabled
by default.
--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash24]
select hash algorithm
--with-address-sanitizer
enable AddressSanitizer (asan)
--with-memory-sanitizer enable MemorySanitizer (msan)
--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer
enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (ubsan)
--with-libs='lib1 ...' link against additional libs
--with-system-expat build pyexpat module using an installed expat
library
--with-system-ffi build _ctypes module using an installed ffi library
--with-system-libmpdec build _decimal module using an installed libmpdec
library
--with-tcltk-includes='-I...'
override search for Tcl and Tk include files
--with-tcltk-libs='-L...'
override search for Tcl and Tk libs
--with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:...
order to check db backends for dbm. Valid value is a
colon separated string with the backend names
`ndbm', `gdbm' and `bdb'.
--with(out)-doc-strings disable/enable documentation strings
--with(out)-pymalloc disable/enable specialized mallocs
--with(out)-c-locale-coercion
disable/enable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based
locale
--with-valgrind Enable Valgrind support
--with(out)-dtrace disable/enable DTrace support
--with-libm=STRING math library
--with-libc=STRING C library
--with(out)-computed-gotos
Use computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by
default on supported compilers)
--with(out)-ensurepip=[=upgrade]
"install" or "upgrade" using bundled pip
--with-openssl=DIR root of the OpenSSL directory
--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]
Override default cipher suites string, python: use
Python's preferred selection (default), openssl:
leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched, STRING: use a
custom string, PROTOCOL_SSLv2 ignores the setting
Some influential environment variables:
MACHDEP name for machine-dependent library files
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
PROFILE_TASK
Python args for PGO generation task
PKG_CONFIG path to pkg-config utility
PKG_CONFIG_PATH
directories to add to pkg-config's search path
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to <https://bugs.python.org/>.